Public Art Essay

The center display will be founded on crafted by two picked picture takers because of the powerlessness to explore a bigger number , this is on the grounds that they are such a large number of and wide spread that an endeavor to take a gander at all of them would be practically unthinkable , expensive and tedious. The program will show the different works done by the picture taker including computerized expressions, video establishments all set up to give an inside and out investigation of the history and accomplishment of the photographic artists The point of the venture is to investigate the capability of new media, on-line innovation, computer generated reality/intelligent activities to give new methods for examinations on the equivalent. To value crafted by the two picture takers we will investigate the much that they have brought to the field, what they despite everything need to bring and the impact and instruction they have had on various people and territories of communication. The two picture takers to be explored are Patrick Renschen and Russ Rosener. Crafted by Renschen is generally helpful and doesn't just address the fundamental craftsmanship yet has a top to bottom importance which one should be sufficiently sharp to get a handle all in all thought behind the equivalent and furthermore have the option to value that such work could be so educative. Crafted by this specific picture taker was exceptional since it didn’t include a standard or a normal which would be followed day in day out rather he attempted to make it extremely energizing via completing explores on the most proficient method to improve it and make it additionally fulfilling to both him and his aides. His point was too clear in that he needed to be the best as well as the just one in the field of commitment who could be depended on and depended on. He additionally guaranteed associating them up electronically in all the chronicles, likewise archiving and distributing the work which is currently held in territorial, national and worldwide exhibition hall assortments and college focuses, and to guarantee wide availability to universal and residential crowds. The picture taker had a show that had all the history and advancement of the establishment, and the basic inheritance left regarding the effect on contemporary figure, ecological workmanship, and engineering to give some examples. He had introductions of all the first photos, drawings, portrayals, correspondence, and even composed depictions of everything about he attempted, it additionally had all the translations by guardians and workmanship pundits such John Elderfield and Fred Brookes. The picture taker additionally was quick to show new authorized documentation by driving craftsmen/photographic artists. He followed the advancement utilizing intelligent computerized ventures he additionally utilized advanced activity and 3D explanation of the key plan and sculptural components just to guarantee flawlessness and exactness was kept up all through the entire exercise. The picture taker likewise utilized bunches of subordinate staff to help in the finish of his work. A commission for a picture taker/craftsman to create new visual pictures for the display dependent on the ecological and compositional angles nearby a nitty gritty investigation of the equivalent, and the works of art areas related with him. Conceivable likeness commission, to photo individuals related with the picture taker this was for the record and for future references and proof of their investment and furthermore a method of causing them to feel increased in value. He endeavored to guarantee that he was consistently on location in spite of his tight calendar however since on occasion he was confronted with some unavoidable conditions, he was not forgotten about in having arranged ahead of time for such crises, in his nonattendance work went on similarly as common since there was a commission of craftsmen and picture takers to deliver another group of work dependent on the possibility that his nonappearance was a test on their responsibility and dependability. The picture taker would even fuse new blood and mind from schools and universities by including understudies to take part in a similar utilizing existing files and draws. Creation of a lot of 3D building models, drawings and projections reporting the discoveries and proposing theoretical result. The picture taker had intuitive design and advanced expressions research and their rebuilding venture conceivably sorted out to team up well with the plan being referred to. This united numerous draftsmen craftsmen and IT architects to develop an intelligent virtual portrayal , following its iconography and advancement from origination through the different phases of the development and plan. The picture taker utilized on line talk room and intuitive site/3D virtual, permitting researchers, specialists and analysts from various nations to contribute their perspectives and proposals as he put stock in being dynamic. He had confidence in the utilization of new innovation to picture and build elective on line answers for issues experienced in his work. Not at all like Patrick Renschen, Russ Rosener, a different universe famous picture taker had an entire distinctive way to deal with a similar photography both as a vocation and as an intuitive sort of work. He is so not the same as different picture takers in that he has not spent significant time in just a single zone of photography and he has an assorted scope of zones where he includes. He covers a wide scope of exercises which he says gives him better presentation and fulfillment as there is no word as fatigue which numerous picture takers will in general experience the ill effects of. He has quite a bit of his corporate work covering universal assignments and obligations, for example, yearly reports, representation, publicizing and social duty programs. Regardless of whether he is in solitude or driving a gathering of people he can be depended on by an organization that minds the worldwide intensity in the field for his experience and excited nature, he is likewise entirely adaptable and his way to deal with his activity isn't static rather relies upon the circumstance and substance. He can guarantee that his customers can depend on him to have the option to convey excellent material and best outcomes which is simple for anybody to get to and even use across print, present and online media they are additionally ready to speak to their organization to a high expert standard because of the high rivalry confronting them in this way expecting one to have an upper hand over the others. (Rosenblum, Naomi) As a picture taker he can keep up both quality and privacy in his work and in this exceptionally unique area therefore guaranteeing customer dedication and continue purchasing by same clients as opposed to finding new individuals by and large which is an expensive and difficult circumstance to pick up. Being engaged with social duty has possibly carried more interest to this picture taker particularly recently when most organizations have held onto social obligation as a prerequisite for the achievement and congruity of the organizations; this is on the grounds that they need solid pictures for the exact portrayal of difficulties and accomplishments related with the entire venture. The picture taker says that his isn't procured sort of expertise rather it is a brought into the world sort of workmanship and guarantees anybody that for the best outcomes and sure win he is the appropriate response. He does the greater part of his work as it introduces itself to him and he doesn't need to go out there attempting to be unique by directing exploration and in any event, understanding more and he has still figured out how to be a world well eminent picture taker who can be considered as a real part of celebrated picture takers. This could be because of the way that he is so unique and clear contrasted with different picture takers and he has kept up this from the start without previous the quality for amount when the work is excessively, he is a moderate yet sure themed individual who has confidence in quality and making of trust in the entirety of his customers. The two picture takers are very dubious in that one is extremely ingenious and researchful while the other just sits and handles a circumstance as it introduces itself to him and relying upon what the customers needs as conclusive outcomes. No different they don’t do not have a few similitudes in that they are both outcome arranged and care about the nature of results that they convey to their clients and fans as this is significant in the event that they are to proceed in business without losing it to contenders. The picture takers have end up being entirely dependable and for that they have gotten a great deal of consideration from both local and universal markets and organizations. In spite of the fact that crafted by photography introduces itself as loaded with fun and fervor all the time the two have unconditionally concurred that it additionally has its feeble regions and furthermore has a percent of fatigue however they attempt however much as could reasonably be expected to keep on the fire and make the work as well as can be expected. For the most part photography can be viewed as an extremely requesting territory of undertaking because of its dynamic nature which makes it truly eccentric particularly with the improvement in innovation which happens nearly every day and which they need to monitor in case they become obsolete and overwhelmed by occasions. It is significant in the present day and age and is require by each organization and individual for the smooth running of the everyday exercises. This territory of photography is especially energizing and fascinating since it includes for the most part outside exercises which is a smart thought for admirers of site seeing and acknowledging nature and what it brings to the table. Where it happens inside its no different very intriguing since its all garish and all grins particularly for famous people, style and models as one sees most up to date structures and states of various clothing types and stances for use somewhere else. This is particularly so fascinating to me since I love perusing design magazines which contain a great deal of picture takers work and I get the opportunity to value all of it. Moreover we ought not overlook the way that the picture takers have carried a ton of amicability to a wide range of networks of the world everywhere through the subject contained in their show-stoppers and for that we ought not neglect to value their work significantly more. The picture taker like some other individual needs consolation and the

Architecture of Bramante Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design of Bramante - Term Paper Example Dwindle by Pope Julius Caesar. Bramante carefully planned and brought together the essentially around a huge dome. Prior to Bramante, prior Gothic and Antic structural work had totally missed the better focuses in gracing structures. For instance, most fifteenth century specialists had totally overlooked incorporation of an enchanting and smooth standpoint recommended by structures, as uncovered in living subjects (Anonymous, 1996). Significantly, it was Bramante who revolutionalised the previous dull renaissance by consolidating parts of human life systems, and making structural work enchanting and with better subtleties to uncover more to the eye, an idea which had from the start being overlooked. Bramante belief systems generally radiated from his affection for nature, from which he was prepared to examine and had a decent comprehension of antique styles teamed up by his illuminated support (Onioans, 1984). The enlivening in old style thoughts goes back to somewhere in the range o f 1400 and 1600 when Renaissance period stamped changes in compositional work all through Europe. The principle highlights of renaissance were balanced course of action of entryways and windows, triangular molded pediments, broad utilization of pilasters and old style sections, square lintels, specialties, and figures, curves, and vaults (Onioans, 1984). These structures looked repetitive and evoked no human sentiments to Bramante; who was prior motivated by both human life systems and nature. To alter the above masterful styles in bringing out emotions, Bramante started his new profession at the Church of S. Maria Presso, a little nineteenth century church; the congregation had no chancel; a road outside had constrained the range of a t-shape as most places of worship were structured (Pile, 2005 ). Utilizing his insight in optical viewpoints, Bramante started another masterful work in Renaissance. The primary commitment in this was to make the end mass of the congregation into a li ghting up profound space utilizing a painted vas alleviation where when seen from the nave bearing looks as a barrel †vaulted chancel which seems to finish the cruciform arrangement (Pile, 2005). Another advancement that was striking in high Renaissance was the cloister of S. Peitro in Montario, Rome. Bramante having demonstrated his astounding plans was granted the errand of recreating the group to incorporate a little house of prayer. In this, Bramante plan incorporated a roundabout circle encompassed by a ring of sections that coordinated the request that wrapped the round house of prayer with sixteen segments porch supporting an entablature (Pile, 2005). It was such intriguing structures that Bramante was mentioned by the Pope to upgrade and plan St Peter’s Basilica, which was prior planned by Michelangelo. The engineering for this situation put more accentuation on the amicability of extents, making all volumes straightforward through a barrel shaped structure, with the round arrangement representing Devine flawlessness (Kleiner, 2009). The congregation in this manner lit up both the classical styles, while simultaneously speaking to the Christian dedication. These were the humanistic emotions that Bramante in the entirety of his structural work developed another measurement in High Renaissance. Bramante in St Peter’s Basilica thought of a mind boggling plan which needed to incorporate a domed intersection, four transmitting arms which framed the Greek cross, and a few littler domed houses of prayer at the subsequent corners. Despite the fact that the basilica has over the time experienced significant changes, his structures and plans were kept up aside from the cross which

Avoidance Coping and Why it Creates Additional Stress

Avoidance Coping and Why it Creates Additional Stress December 05, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living PeopleImages/Getty Images Procrastination, passive-aggressiveness, and rumination: What do they have in common? If you answered, Theyre all things that are often done by me (or someone Im close to), you should definitely read more. If you suspect that these are all things we do consciously or unconsciously when we are trying to avoid tackling something head-on or trying to avoid thoughts or feelings that make you uncomfortable, youre on the right track. These, and some other common behaviors well explore below, are all forms of avoidance coping. What Is Avoidance Coping? Avoidance coping, also known as avoidant coping, avoidance behaviors, and escape coping, is a maladaptive form of coping that involves changing our behavior to try to avoid thinking or feeling things that are uncomfortable.?? In other words, avoidance coping involves trying to avoid stressors rather than dealing with them. It may seem that avoiding stress is a great way to feel less stressed, but this isnt necessarily the case; often, we need to deal with things so we either experience less stress or feel less stressed by what we experience without avoiding the problem entirely. (Thats why we strive for stress management rather than stress avoidanceâ€"we cant always avoid stress, but we can manage it with effective coping techniques.) Other Types of Coping The other broad category of coping is active coping or approach coping, which is coping that addresses a problem directly as a way to alleviate stress.?? This means talking through problems to alleviate relationship stress, reframing a situation to recognize the positives of a situation, or  budgeting  more carefully to minimize financial stress, for example. Active Coping With active coping, you are addressing the stress, rather than attempting to avoid it. There are two main types of active coping:Active-cognitive coping involves changing how you think about the stressor.Active-behavioral coping addresses the problem directly. Positive Ways to Cope With Stress When Do People Use Avoidance Coping? There are many different times people find themselves using avoidance coping instead of facing stress head-on. Anxious people may be particularly susceptible to avoidance coping because it initially appears to be a way to avoid anxiety-provoking thoughts and situations. Unfortunately, this type of response to stress tends to exacerbate anxiety.?? Those who are naturally prone to anxiety may have learned avoidance techniques early on and perhaps have a more difficult time learning more proactive strategies afterward. Additionally, if you learned this type of behavior growing up, it may be a habit now. That doesnt mean it needs to remain your main mode for handling stress, however. Why Avoidance Coping Is Unhealthy Avoidance coping (or avoidant coping) is considered maladaptive, or unhealthy because it often exacerbates stress without helping us deal with the things that are stressing us.?? Procrastination, for example, is an avoidance coping mechanism: we feel stressed when we think about what we have to do, so we avoid doing it and try to avoid thinking about it. The problem, obviously, is that we usually dont stop thinking about what needs to be doneâ€"we just stress about it until we get it done. And we dont stress less than we would if we just tackled the task; we often stress as we think about what needs to be done, then stress as we try to rush to get it done, and sometimes stress because we couldnt get it done well enough with the time we left ourselves. (It is true that sometimes people work best with a deadline looming, but this isnt the least stressful way to tackle most jobs.) There are many ways in which avoidance behaviors magnify stress:They dont actually solve the problem that causes the stress, so they are less effective than more proactive strategies that may minimize stress in the future.Avoidance may allow problems to grow.Avoidance may also be frustrating to others, so habitually using avoidance strategies may create conflict in relationships and minimize social support.Avoidance approaches can create more anxiety much of the time. The Link Between Avoidance Coping and Anxiety If youve ever heard the phrase, What you resist, persists, you have been introduced to the basic reason that avoidance coping can increase anxiety. When people use this strategy to consciously or unconsciously avoid something that causes them anxiety, they usually create a situation where they need to face it more. This can and should be avoided through active coping, even if this feels difficult at first.?? For example, if you are like many people, conflict may bring anxiety. If you try to avoid conflict (and the anxiety it brings) by avoiding conversations that may contain elements of conflict, it may feel like you are steering clear of conflict and your anxiety levels may remain lower at the moment. However, in the long term, most relationshipsâ€"whether with friends, loved ones, or even acquaintancesâ€"encounter some disagreements, misunderstandings, or other conflict-laden elements that may need to be sorted out at times. If you avoid having the conversations that are needed to resolve a conflict in the early stages, the conflict can snowball and bring greater levels of stress to the relationship, ultimately even ending it. This can create anxiety over any conflicts, as your experience may tell you that even a small conflict can be a relationship-ender (which may be true if you do not resolve the conflict).?? Taken further, if you find yourself ending relationships rather than working through conflicts, you may find yourself with many broken relationships and a sense that youre not able to make relationships work long-term, which can cause more anxiety as well.   This can even be true with our thoughts. When we try to avoid getting hurt by trying to think our way out of bad situations, we become engaged in trying to think of a solution rather than acting on one. While trying to determine all possible scenarios and things that can go wrongâ€"or of all the ways things have gone wrong so we can avoid them in the futureâ€"we can fall into the trap of rumination. This, of course, creates more stress and anxiety. When Avoidance Coping Is Actually Healthy There are some forms of passive coping that are not maladaptive and are actually healthy. These healthier forms of coping do not necessarily approach the problem directly but affect our response to the problem.?? That is, it is healthy to practice techniques that can help us to feel calmer  as we face a difficult situation, even if these techniques dont affect the situation directly. (This may seem like a no-brainer, but its important to make this point.) Stress relief strategies like relaxation techniques and jogging can minimize the stress response when you face a problem and even increase your self-confidence. They can empower you to face your stressors more effectively. It is important to be aware, however, that not everything that minimizes our stress in the moment is a healthy form of avoidance coping. For example, binge eating, shopping, or even a glass of wine can help us to feel better in the moment but obviously bring other consequences when we overdo it, so its best not to rely on these strategies for stress relief as they can get out of control and create more stress. Its more effective to create healthy habits that build our resilience. How to Avoid Avoidance Coping Its far healthier to avoid this type of coping by using active coping strategies. If youve tended toward avoidance coping most of your life, however, or at least are in the habit of using it, its hard to know how to stop. Here are some effective ways to get out of the avoidance coping habit: Understand what it is and why it doesnt work. Yes, youve already taken an important first step toward cutting down on avoidance coping by reading this article and getting this far. Now that you have a greater understanding of why avoidance coping is self-defeating in most instances, youll be more able to talk yourself out of it and into more proactive and effective ways of managing stress when you face it.Recognize when youre doing it. Take a minute to think of common times you tend to use avoidance coping. Do you procrastinate? Do you avoid discussing problems or facing issues? Make a note of these times, and make it a point to notice when you avoid things in the future. This is a vital step in stopping yourself and replacing your habits with more effective ones.??Use stress relief techniques. Remember, one of the only passive coping strategies found to be helpful is the practice of stress relief techniques. If you learn to calm your bodys stress response when you face stress and co nflict, youll be less reactive and more empowered to be proactive. It can also enhance your confidence and belief in your ability to handle the stressors you face. This all makes it easier to let go of your avoidance habits.Practice emotional coping techniques. Journaling and meditation have been found to be highly effective for managing emotional stress.?? In addition to finding techniques that calm your physiology, finding strategies to soothe your emotions can help you to feel less threatened (and in need of escape) when stressed and more able to face stress head-on.Learn to tolerate uncomfortable feelings (meditation helps!). Once you become more used to being uncomfortable, youll be more comfortable with the feelings you usually run from. This can help immeasurably because youll have more of a choice in how you face problems; you wont have a knee-jerk avoidance response, and facing problems head-on wont bring as much anxiety once youre more used to it. One way to become more co mfortable with the uncomfortable is to practice meditation. In fact, one technique they teach in mindfulness-based stress reduction classes is to sit and meditate the next time you feel an itch instead of scratching it immediately. See what thoughts and feelings arise, and see how long it takes for the feeling to pass. Observe your feelings, breathe through it, and become more acquainted with the idea of sitting with discomfort. This can help you to realize that nothing horrible comes from being uncomfortable in most cases. You can handle it. And then you can move on.Identify active coping options. The next time you face a stressor, look at your options. Is there a way you can reframe your thoughts to identify resources you didnt realize you had, recognize hidden benefits in a situation that you didnt initially see, or approach it from a mental standpoint that doesnt involve avoidance? Are there strategies you can actively take that involve doing something differently to positively affect your situation? Think about what you can do to improve your situation, and then do it.Practice communication skills. If you tend to run from conflict, it may be because you dont know  how  to resolve a conflict in a proactive or peaceful way.?? (Many people werent taught assertiveness skills growing up, but its never too late to learn!) Become comfortable discussing issues and coming up with win-win solutions whenever possible, and youll find yourself less tempted to avoid conflict and more empowered to resolve it in a way that strengthens your relationships.Take small steps. Sometimes the idea of tackling a stressful situation feels insurmountable, but taking the first step in that direction might feel far more doable. See if you can change your behavior by trying out a small step in the direction of being active in your coping. Then take a larger step next time. Soon, youll be more comfortable on a more active path.Have someone hold you accountable. Its much harder to run f rom your problems when you have someone you have to explain this to. Use this reality to your advantage and enlist a buddy in your efforts to stamp out avoidance coping. Have someone ask you if youve started that project yet, or talked to the person youre angry with, or stopped obsessing and taken action. Sometimes you just need a nudge in the right direction from someone outside yourself. Sometimes you just need some extra support.Find help. Speaking of extra support, you can always speak to a therapist about avoidance tendencies, particularly if its affecting your life in negative ways or you feel unable to tackle the problem on your own to the extent that youd like.?? With a little support, you can become more active in your coping strategies and less stressed with relative ease.

Literary Analysis Ella Cinders By Bill Conselman And...

Every comic has a unique style that makes the comic to stand out to readers. A comic’s style is made up different pieces that come together and give the comic the uniqueness that the readers fall in love with. Comic writers have to decide what type of framing style, transitions, emanata, layout and cartooning style they need to have in their comic to fit the story. Ella Cinders by Bill Conselman and Charlie Plumb has a very interesting narrative and cartooning style that fits well with the story the comic portrays. Throughout this paper I am going to explore the narrative and cartooning styles in Ella Cinders to understand why the styles were chosen and how they enhance the story. Framing is how the artist of the comic choose to illustrate the diegesis. There are different types of framing that artists use to stress certain aspects of the diegesis. Ella Cinders has depth of field and angle framing to depict the diegesis. Most of the panels in Ella Cinders are seen at eye l evel however sometimes the artist changes the framing style to point out an important aspect of the story to the reader. An example would be in panel 3 on tier 4 in comic 1 where the panel is seen at a low angle to show that Ella Cinders has to look up to see the gorilla who is in the tree. Charlie Plumb usually puts great detail into the background of Ella Cinders which is important when using depth of field framing. In panel 2 on tier 1 in comic 2, Plumb shows how crowded and big room is by adding

Link between strategy and management control system of Tata Motors - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2662 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction This essay addresses a very debatable yet imperative topic relating to the link between the strategy and management control system of an organization. The discussion in this essay roots from Andrew Campbells paper, Tailored, Not Benchmarked: A Fresh Look at Corporate Planning. This paper discusses the impact of benchmarking and the effect of efficient planning strategies on the value of an organisation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Link between strategy and management control system of Tata Motors" essay for you Create order He suggests that in place of deploying standardized benchmarking and planning strategies based on another organisation, each organisation needs to evaluate its internal environment and devise strategies according to the needs of the individual organisation. Campbell describes the planning process very appropriately in his paper as, A good planning process is unique to its company () carefully tailored to the needs of the businesses as well as to the skills, insights, and experiences of senior corporate managers. Furthermore, Campbell lays stress on the fact that organisations need to constantly monitor and modify their planning strategies to match the needs of the organisation and the dynamic business environment. In this paper, Campbell has very modestly touched upon the fact that management control systems (MCS) and strategy essentially complement each other and should be coordinated to produce the desired firm value (Campbell, 1999). MCS are defined as any formal, information-base d procedures and statements used by managers to monitor and influence the behavior and activities in a firm (Simons, 1994). While, strategy is a continuing pattern of decision making for the future of an organization (Mintzberg, 1978) deliberate (formal) or unintended (informal), that emerges due to the opportunities that arise in the organization or market (Merchant Stede, 2007; Langfield-Smith, 1997) An earlier perspective on this topic was provided by Anthony (1965, 1988) suggesting that, strategy is the constant given element in the organisation and management control systems hold the job of monitoring, modifying and tracking the progress of their implementation. Lorange et al (1986) introduced another association of management control and strategy in the concept of strategic control. Strategic control is a system constantly examining an organisations strategy with respect to its goals, and modifying them whenever the need arose. The one limitation all these perspectives suf fered from was the fact that, management control systems identified with the task of monitoring and modifying strategy only (Simons, 1990). Robert Simons (1990) introduced a new perspective proposing that management control systems were responsible for not only monitoring or implementation, but also for formation of strategy; hence establishing a very important relationship between management control systems and strategic choices of an organisation. Building on these ideas, this essay aims to analyse the link between management control system and strategy of Tata Motors Limited (TTM), a multinational automobile corporation headquartered in Mumbai, India. During the course of this essay, we will first have a look at TTMs background strategy, control systems, performance measurement system, and the risks they are facing. Followed by this will be a discussion on TTMs case in the light of different perspective mentioned above to observe whether there exists a link between the strate gy, management control system and performance measurement measures of TTM. Finally, we will have a look at some suggestions with regard to their control systems that could help TTM improve their position. Tata Motors Limited Background and Strategy TTM is a part of the Tata Group, the largest private corporate group in India. Tata group has business ventures in steel, communications, tea, information technology, power and hospitality aside from automobiles. TTM is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues $20 billion in 2009-10. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles along with being the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, and the worlds second largest bus manufacturer. In addition to domestic growth, TTMs important strategic move over time has been international expansion. TTM has acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company Limited, Hispano Carrocera S.p.A. Spain, has a joint venture with Marco Polo of Brazil for production of buses and most recently acquired the iconic British brands Jaguar and Land Rover (Just-Auto editorial team, 2010). Tata motors follow a straightforward rule for expansion; since they have limited technological avai lability to get a presence on the global industrial scene, they look for countries with access to technology and products, find a strategic partner in that market, and then sell Tata motors products in that country whilst exporting their products and capacities regionally (Seshan Kumar, 2008). For example, In January 2006, Tata motors signed an agreement with Fiat Group to sell Fiat vehicles through the Tata Motors outlets in India. In May 2006, the joint venture of Tata Motors with Fiat grew into an industrial partnership for sharing Indian facilities to manufacture vehicles, engines and transmissions for Indian and overseas markets (Just-Auto editorial team, 2010). Along with Internationalisation of operations, TTM follows the strategy of product innovation, which provides TTM with its competitive edge reasonably priced products. It started with introducing the innovative 407 platform for trucks in the 1980s, designed especially to suit Indian road conditions, in consideratio n with rural areas. Moreover, even today towards the end of the third decade of its existence it dominates two-third of the market. In 1998, TTM launched the first indigenously designed passenger car in India, the Tata Indica sporting innovation by providing more space, contemporary features at a very competitive price. In 2005, TTM launched Indias first mini truck, a small sub one-tonne vehicle facilitating intra-city or shorter distances. This vehicle was designed to replace the three-wheeler carriages market in India by a more sophisticated four-wheeled mode of transport at almost the same price. It used a two-cylinder engine, provided only in Irish crà ¨me colour and had a rigid front axle and rear wheel drive for low cost. The most recent innovation TTM has come out with is the 632-cc Tata Nano, claimed to be the cheapest car in the world also called the Peoples car/ Rupees 1 lakh car ($2500). The target price itself became the source of innovation, as industry claims that it is impossible to make a car at that price. This car is developed based on a series of innovative ideas; engine was packaged on the rear side; two cylinder engine (conventionally there are three-four cylinder engines); identical handles and mechanisms for left and right side doors. Moreover, the speedometer and other instruments panel in the Nano are in the centre of the dashboard, rather than facing the driver, to make it easy and cheaper to switch the position of the steering wheel from the right to the left facilitating exports to other markets as well (Seshan Kumar, 2008). Furthermore the car has unconventional seats; maximising the interior space by pushing the wheels to the corners and power train to below the rear seat creating sufficient space to accommodate three-to-four people (BMA, 2010). Analysis Management control system and Performance Measurement System To sustain the innovation in products and expansion in markets TTM had to introduce changes in their MCS to complement their strategic moves.TTM has two main divisions based on the type of vehicles passenger cars and commercial vehicles (CVBU). With increasing operations TTM In the year 2000, TTMs CVBU suffered its first loss of $2.5 million that led the company to adopt the Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM). TBEM, based on Malcolm Baldridge Award for business excellence and Balanced Scorecards as its performance measurement, which will be discussed in depth later (Tata Group| Corporate Governance| Busniess Excellence, 2010). TTM saw shift from a more hierarchical structure to a flatter organisational structure, facilitating easy communication between employees. The change in business model complimented the change in the information technology system too. TTM uses an integration of outsourced facilities some of which are Ariba for supplier negotiations; product lifecycle manag ement and advanced computer aided designs for the engineering and designs of their products; SAP enterprise software application and programmes for enterprise resource planning and increasing transaction effectiveness. Through this, the activities of all departments production, manufacturing, purchase, finance operations etc, were interlinked facilitating better control and coordination by means of an efficient supply-chain management system. Furthermore, TTM changed their product development process and introduced a more collaborative process utilizing the capabilities of different venture partners, suppliers, design houses, subsidiaries and associate companies specialising in different verticals. With the transition of the in-house production process TTM realised the importance of expanding into the international market and thus adopted the internationalisation philosophy mentioned above, to keep in line with their goals and objectives at the same time as gaining access to diffe rent markets (BMA, 2010). TTM has a strategic preview of their plans every 5 years where plans are altered whilst introducing new goals and objectives. A well-defined process for the preparation and monitoring of the annual budgets and long-term business plans is followed. There are meetings twice a month of the management committee at operational levels to review the operations and plans of key business areas. TTM has a set of corporate policies, the Tata Code of Conduct, covering the integrity of financial reporting, ethical conducts, regulatory compliance, conflict of interests review and reporting of concerns. All employees have regular exposure to this through fast flowing information between the management and the employees by means of articles, magazines and newsletters (Jamble, Sukate, Guha, Mhasade, Sumeet, Tonk, 2010). TTM has an intact performance measurement system keeping in line with their strategy of offering innovation at a competitive price, as mentioned abov e the Balanced Scorecard. After suffering their first loss in more than fifty years in 2000, TTM had to resort to stringent cost cutting across all business units, which poised a challenge. TATA Motors Commercial Vehicle Business Unit then employed the balanced scorecard. With the process in progress, the genuine problem revealed itself. It turned out that the manual nature of the review procedures of such a huge structure was getting extremely difficult to implement and consuming valuable amount of time. To address this, the Balanced Scorecard Automation Tool was implemented that would centralise, assimilate and collate the data, providing rapid review and analytical functionality and a comprehensive single picture of organisational performance. Within two years of this, CVBU registered a profit of $ 2.3 Million from the loss of $ 2.5 Million, leading to 60% of TTMs inventory turnover. Initially, CVBU had started the balanced scorecard with only corporate level scorecard; but with its success, now it has expanded to six hierarchical levels with three hundred and thirty one scorecards, additionally looking forward to proliferate it to the lowest level of organisational structure (Huda, 2009). Risks Fetching the advantage of low cost of labour in India, and cheaper resources, TTM places itself as a firm providing innovation at a lower cost, but they do not necessarily produce differentiated products. Their innovation only lies in the fact that they offer a multitude of features suitable for Indian conditions at a lower price, that no other Indian company does (lower competition in domestic market). The threat that TTM faces is the managing of two different segments of vehicles at the same time, the higher priced premium segment (Jaguar and Land Rover) and the very low priced segment (Tata Nano); the low cost manufacturing would not be as advantageous its premium segments car (Seshan Kumar, 2008). Moreover, other Indian manufacturers teaming up internationally like Renault Logan (joint venture between Mahindra and Renault) will intensify the competition for TTM. Further, by entering into the premium cars and sports utility vehicles segment, TTM now faces competition from vario us other brands like Audi, BMW, Daimler, and Volkswagen (Wentz, 2008). Moreover, Through TTMs core strategy of internationalisation, they depend on exports for revenues. But, as the position of the Indian Rupee has now strengthened, it is posing a challenge resulting in a lesser than expected export realisation (Kurup Toms, 2008). Aside from that, TTMs low cost products rely on low quality and its international competitors like Hyundai and Maruti Suzuki have internationally approved quality. Therefore, TTM needs to address its critical quality issue to be an international player (editorial team, 2010) From the discussion about TTM, it can be observed that there is a very evident alignment of its strategy with its performance measurement system and management control systems. The corporate strategy of a company helps in the decision of the company regarding the type of businesses to operate in (Johnson Scholes, 1989), how to structure and finance the company, how to acquire and utilize the resources to convert distinct competencies into competitive advantages (Andrews, 1980 cited in; Langfield-Smith, 1997). TTMs MCS boasts a much-organised structure comprising of formal control standard operating procedures, budgetary controls; informal controls regular interaction with employees, interactive communication system (also facilitating personnel control); administrative and social controls plying ethical codes of conduct; which exemplifies that TTMs MCS has a well-defined structure complementing its precise strategic perspective (Langfield-Smith, 1997). By changing the organisational structure and introducing a new performance measurement system (the balanced scorecard), it can be noticed that TTM reviews its MCS has a frequent strategic preview and initiate changes as and when the need arises. Furthermore, it is noticeable that TTM is a follower of the contingency school of thought, which advocates that organisational effectiveness results from deploying a dministrative practices (like performance measurement) in a way that fits the contingencies the organisation functions within. Rather it is noticeable that, while adapting to these contingencies, TTM is finding new practices that match their organisation than relying on the ones other organisations use (Chenhall, 2006). Scope for Improvement Robert Simons (1995) suggested that for managers of modern organisations, it is a difficult task to manage employees and organisation efficiently while giving them enough space to come up with new and innovative ideas at the same time controlling them enough so that they do not misuse this freedom. He suggested four levers of control, the belief system; boundary systems; diagnostic control systems and interactive control systems (Simons, 1995). While the belief systems inculcate core values of the organisation, the boundary systems specify what needs avoidance. On the other hand, diagnostic control systems determine critical performance variables and the interactive control systems help resolve strategic uncertainties (Triantafylli, 2010). For successful implementation of lever of controls, the organisations has to make sure that all the four levers are complementarily in place to produce the desired organisational performance keeping in line with the strategy. For TTM while the ap propriate belief and boundary systems are in place, there seems to be a lack of diagnostic and interactive control systems. A number of key issues that require attention have been pointed out in the earlier section relating to their strategy with respect to competition, quality and exports. If TTM had the diagnostic and interactive control systems in place then these critical areas would have been resolved with an appropriate solution leading to effective organisational performance. Alongside, TTMs strategy would have accounted for these shortcomings if intact levers of controls were in place. Conclusion TTM is one of the strong contenders in the Indian automobile market heading towards a more international sphere. If it continues with innovation and the cost advantage, the organisation would be able to make successful headway. To achieve that, TTM needs to look into some areas that require attention, bring the required changes to its organisational processes, strategy, and control systems. Although, there is a strong link between the MCS and strategy for TTM, but it could be put to a more valuable use by employing the appropriate changes. Reverting to Campbells statement mentioned earlier, it is clearly noticeable that TTM does not benchmark, but focus on its external and internal advantages and utilizes the resources appropriately. This is evident from the fact that they use the availability of cheaper resources and labour to obtain their cost advantage and that TTM introduced new performance measurement system with the change in their strategy to complement it. Furthermore, TTM has utilized the availability of technical expertise to manufacture innovative products, gain a competitive edge in the market, and carve a niche for itself. Therefore, TTM has its unique strategy and competitive edge gained by virtue of its effective management control system that has been responsible for TTMs success.

Syria and Lebanon Free Essays

Have you ever wondered what it is like to live on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, where warmth covers your back year-round? Have you ever desired to live in a place of nature and beauty? If you lived in Lebanon, you’d know exactly what I am talking about. Lebanon is a small but extraordinary country located in the Middle East. Lebanon is famous for many things. We will write a custom essay sample on Syria and Lebanon or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of those things would be their healthy, yet tasty food. An example would be Hummus. Hummus is a very common food in Lebanon, which is eaten very often there. Hummus is made out of chickpeas, with other various seasonings.Not only are the Lebanese people known for their amazing food, but their dance and poetry. Lebanon is famous for two types of dances in specific. The first one is Dabkeh. Dabkeh is a dance that is usually done on special occasions such as weddings, by men and women of all ages. The second dance is the Raqs sharqi, belly dancing. Women, usually at fancy restaurants or concerts, do this type of dance. Last but not least the Lebanese are very well known for zajal, or poetry. Khalil Gibran, who was Lebanese, was very well known for this.As I was researching my topic on Lebanon I found some weird, yet interesting facts. First, I would like to begin with the government of Lebanon. This is something that is very popularly discussed. The government of Lebanon is the complete opposite of the United States, and was designed by France when Lebanon gained their independence from them in 1943. The president must be Maronite Catholic. Michel Suleiman currently holds this position. Since Lebanon does not have a vice president they have a speaker of the house instead. A Shi’tte Muslim can only take this position, and that person is Nabih Berri.Last but not least there is the prime minister, and a Sunni Muslim can only take this position. Saad Hariri currently holds it. The purpose of this odd government is to show that no religion will overpower the other. There are so many other facts about Lebanon that will most definitely surprise you. Did you know that 30% of the Lebanese people in Lebanon are Christian? The most surprising part is that this is the highest percentage in all of the Arab countries. Another cool fact is that 70% of all students in Lebanon are put in private schools.With this high percentage, the rate for doctors in Lebanon is about one doctor per twenty people. Another main reason for such a high rate can be because Lebanon is also known to have as many as forty-two universities. With all of this, there has been estimated about twelve million people outside of Lebanon! There was so much new information that I had come across on while researching my endless topic. Did you know that way before countries were organized the Lebanese people were actually known as the Phoenicians? The Phoenicians actually lived in the city of Byblos, which is in Lebanon. Byblos is also known to be the oldest living city in the world! It was actually in that city, that the first alphabet was created. This alphabet was very similar to the one we use today and consists of twenty-two consonants. The Phoenicians created this. It was also said that the Phoenicians, who were very good sailors, reached the America’s long before Christopher Columbus did. Not only did I come across new information about the history of Lebanon, but also its recent actions. I was very surprised to hear that the first law school was built in downtown Beirut, Lebanon’s capital.Lebanon is also the only Arab country without a desert. Did you know that Beirut was rebuilt seven times! This mainly had to happen after wars. One last thing, that I had to see to believe, was that the word â€Å"Lebanon† appears seventy-one times in the Old Testament. Everyone in Lebanon, especially in the older generations had a certain job. Some may not call their duty a job, rather than their lifeline. What I mean is that some people were kind of forced into what they had to do, to keep themselves out of the streets. Some effects of this, was that some people became peddlers.Peddlers are people who usually migrate to another place, in hope of a better lifestyle. That place was almost always the United States, which is also why there are so many Lebanese people here. Peddlers also brought with them certain goods from their home country, which is Lebanon in this case, and open up a small shop and sell them for a higher price. Some things that would be sold were rugs, crafts, and mainly fruit and vegetables. If the peddler could not open a shop, because they lack money, they would just push around a cart all day. More than half of the things that were put on the cart were sold by the end of the day.With the money that was made, the peddlers would send money back to their families, in their home country. They would usually save up the rest and spend little on themselves, in hope that one day they would have enough money to open a shop. Generally, peddlers did make a good amount of money, but was a very tiring job. Some people also like to call their jobs a career. In Lebanon, there is always this annual contest that many other countries take part in as well. For Lebanon this contest is called â€Å"Miss Lebanon. † This contest is somewhat a beauty pageant that only woman can take part in.The women are not only judged on beauty, although are asked questions concerning political and economical issues. The winner is the person whose total score is the highest wins. In conclusion, Lebanon may be small, but its history is huge. You could keep reading on and on, and you could still find something to interest you. I think that is why it is said to have the most books written about it. Anyway, getting the opportunity to research and learn more about my home country was a pleasure. I don’t think there is anything more rewarding than gaining knowledge. How to cite Syria and Lebanon, Papers

Basking Shark Essay Sample free essay sample

The basking shark is a poem speaking about the brush a adult male had with a certain species of shark – the basking shark. The brush is filled with graphic item. with imagination and enunciation that helps in puting the attitude of the verse form. the tone. the human status and the beef uping brought out to the verse form. based on the imagination and construction. The poet presents the shark in a ver subdued mode. non suggesting at the shark straight. Alternatively. he forst describes the shark as a ‘roomsized monster’ . and that gives the feeling to the reader that the poet is afraid of the shark. and looks at the shark as a animal that is non to be messed with. as it is decidedly non friendly. However. while he fears the shark. he besides insults the shark. by hitting at his intelligence. claiming that the shark merely has a encephalon the size of a ‘matchbox’ implying that the shark is so stupid. We will write a custom essay sample on Basking Shark Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as immense. chilling animal ( implied earliar with the word monster ) as that. has a really little encephalon. and that can in bend affect the sharks opinion. The enunciation used is used to connote that the shark does non belong. and is in fact the ‘ugly duckling’ . This is brought out by this illustration: â€Å"†¦this decadent townee. shook on a incorrect subdivision of his household tree† . This illustration petrays the fact that the poet is speaking about a basking shark. and based on the anterior cognition he has. it is a harmless shark. but due to the huge size it can turn. it can terrorise guiltless people. hence the mention to ‘monster’ . However. the author feels that due to its immense size. it does non belong to the species of enjoying sharks. but alternatively belongs to another species. 1 that would be more appropriate to suit its size. This. in bend. creates a tone of exclusion. When the poet besides uses the word decadent. it merely strengthens the tone he is seeking to make. as due to the exclusion of the basking shark. it is worsening in Numberss! This besides has a connexion with the temper in the verse form. as the worsening Numberss can take to the readers experiencing sad about the shark. and can do the readers feel commiseration for the sharks. When the poet references ‘so. who’s the monster’ . he is seeking to convey the human status after the brush with the shark. In this he is playing with the words. a wordplay of kinds. as he sees the shark as a moster. and therefore his fright additions. So in this he is speaking about the emotion. as a portion of the human status. picturing that worlds are easy scared. However. these words can hold a double significance. as he could br mentioning to the human holding a sense of high quality over the shork. claiming that the homo is the monster. This is brought out in the forst stanza: â€Å"to stub an oar where none should be†¦once ( excessively frequently ) to me† . This stanza describes the human status as one that is intrusive. as the adult male is irrupting into the infinite of the shark. as though seeking to convey the message of. â€Å"look who’s the boss† . which in the footings of the text can be â€Å" so. who’s the monste r† . The imagination and construction strengthen the significance of the verse form by showing human undertakings. or. even emotions. with one of them being repeat. â€Å"for 20 seconds. canvas after sail† . in which the word ‘sail’ is repeated. connoting that the poet is in a haste to acquire off from the shark. and would repeatedly sail. in order to acquire off from the shark. The verse form on the whole is really short. merely five stanzas with three lines each. all of them riming. with the construction of abdominal aortic aneurysm. bbb. abdominal aortic aneurysm. bbb. ccc. This rhyming construction quickens the gait of the peom. hotfooting through the verse form. picturing that this brush happened really rapidly.